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Five-Year Plans in India

Five-Year Plans in India: History, Implementation, and the 15-Year Vision Document

Introduction Economic planning has been the cornerstone of India’s development strategy since independence. After centuries of colonial exploitation, India inherited an economy characterized by poverty, unemployment, low productivity, and regional imbalances. To overcome these challenges and promote rapid development, the Government of India adopted a system of planned economic growth, primarily through a series of…

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Twelfth Five-Year Plan of India

Twelfth Five-Year Plan of India (2012–2017): Objectives, Focus Areas, and Targets

Introduction The Twelfth Five-Year Plan (2012–17) marked the last in the series of Five-Year Plans implemented by the Planning Commission of India before its dissolution in 2014. The Plan was a continuation of the country’s strategy for inclusive, sustainable, and rapid economic growth, building upon the achievements of previous plans. Formulated in the backdrop of…

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Economic Reforms in India

Economic Reforms in India: First-Generation and Second-Generation Reforms

Introduction Economic reforms refer to structural changes in policies, laws, and institutions undertaken by a government to improve the efficiency, productivity, and growth potential of an economy. They are aimed at liberalizing the economy, reducing inefficiencies, promoting competition, and integrating the country with the global economy. In the context of India, economic reforms have been…

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