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Islands in the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos

Formation of Thousands of Islands in the Indonesian and Philippine Archipelagos

Introduction The Indonesian and Philippine archipelagos are among the most remarkable island groups in the world. Indonesia, the world’s largest archipelagic state, consists of more than 17,000 islands, while the Philippines comprises over 7,600 islands. These islands are not only geographically significant but also hold immense ecological, cultural, and economic value. The origin of these…

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Volcanic Eruptions: Causes, Impact, and Landforms Created by Lava Deposition

Introduction Volcanic eruptions are among the most powerful natural events on Earth. They result from complex geological processes occurring beneath the Earth’s surface. Volcanoes have played a crucial role in shaping the Earth’s landscape, contributing to the formation of new landforms and influencing climate and ecosystems. Understanding the causes of volcanic eruptions and the landforms…

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