Introduction India is geographically and hydrologically blessed with abundant freshwater resources. The country receives an average annual precipitation of around 4000 billion cubic meters (BCM), which is nearly 4% of the world’s total fresh water, while supporting nearly 18% of the global population. Major perennial rivers like the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus systems, along with…
Introduction India is facing an alarming crisis of groundwater depletion. Rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial expansion, and unsustainable water use have placed unprecedented stress on groundwater resources. According to the Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), over 30% of India’s groundwater blocks are overexploited, and urban areas are disproportionately affected due to high water demand and…
Introduction India is a country of diverse hydrological regimes, hosting numerous river systems that sustain agriculture, industries, drinking water supply, and inland navigation. Despite this, India faces multi-dimensional water problems: To address these challenges, the concept of interlinking rivers (ILR) has emerged as a potential solution. The idea is to transfer surplus water from river…
Introduction Water is one of the most essential resources for life on Earth. However, with rapid population growth, industrial expansion, and climate change, freshwater scarcity has become a global crisis. As natural freshwater sources become increasingly limited, desalination and water purification technologies are emerging as crucial solutions to address the growing demand for clean and…
Introduction Water is one of the most essential resources for sustaining life on Earth. However, despite covering approximately 71% of the planet’s surface, freshwater availability is extremely limited. The water crisis has emerged as a global challenge due to factors such as population growth, climate change, pollution, and unsustainable water use. Water scarcity not only…