Introduction Taxation has always been a cornerstone of governance, as it provides the necessary revenue for the state to carry out developmental, administrative, and welfare activities. India, being a federal country with a unique distribution of powers between the Union and the States, has a complex taxation structure. Until 2017, India had a web of…
Introduction Taxation is one of the most important pillars of any nation’s economy, as it provides the government with the financial resources necessary to run the administration, build infrastructure, provide public services, and maintain law and order. Broadly, taxes in India are categorized into Direct Taxes and Indirect Taxes. Indirect taxes have undergone a significant…
Introduction Taxation is the backbone of any nation’s financial system. It ensures the availability of resources for public expenditure and supports the overall economic framework of a country. In India, the taxation system is broadly divided into direct taxes and indirect taxes. While indirect taxes are levied on goods and services, direct taxes are imposed…
Introduction Taxation is the backbone of any government’s revenue system. In India, taxes are the primary source of funding for development projects, welfare schemes, administration, and defense. The Indian tax system has evolved significantly since independence, moving from a complex web of colonial-era levies to a more structured and technology-driven framework today. Broadly, taxes in…
Introduction Economics is not only about markets and private enterprises; it is equally about the role of the government in mobilizing resources, spending them effectively, and influencing the economic structure of a nation. This role of the government is understood through Public Finance. Within public finance, two core concepts stand out—Public Revenue and Tax Revenue….
Introduction Trade between the United States and India has been one of the defining features of their bilateral relationship in the 21st century. The U.S. is one of India’s largest export destinations, absorbing a wide range of products from pharmaceuticals and information technology services to textiles, gems, jewelry, and agricultural goods. In such a context,…
Introduction The Green Revolution refers to the period during the 1960s and 1970s when India adopted new agricultural technologies, including high-yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation techniques. The primary aim was to overcome chronic food shortages and make India self-sufficient in food grain production. Led by scientists such as M.S. Swaminathan,…
Introduction Agriculture has always played a central role in India’s economic development, food security, and rural livelihood. Over the years, India has witnessed multiple agricultural revolutions such as the Green Revolution (cereals), White Revolution (milk), Blue Revolution (fisheries), and others. Each of these revolutions transformed specific sectors of agriculture and contributed to the nation’s self-reliance….
Introduction Agriculture has always been the backbone of India’s economy, society, and culture. It not only provides food security but also employment to nearly half of India’s workforce. Over the years, India has witnessed several agricultural revolutions—the Green Revolution, White Revolution, Blue Revolution, and more. Among these, the concept of the Evergreen Revolution stands out…
Introduction Agriculture has always been the backbone of the Indian economy, employing nearly half of the country’s population and contributing significantly to food security. Among all the inputs in agriculture, seeds hold the prime place because they act as the foundation of crop production. It is said that “a good seed is the most critical…