Introduction Economic reforms refer to structural changes in policies, laws, and institutions undertaken by a government to improve the efficiency, productivity, and growth potential of an economy. They are aimed at liberalizing the economy, reducing inefficiencies, promoting competition, and integrating the country with the global economy. In the context of India, economic reforms have been…
Introduction Food security is a fundamental aspect of sustainable development and economic stability. In India, with a growing population exceeding 1.4 billion, ensuring availability, access, and affordability of food is a key national priority. To meet this challenge, the Government of India launched the National Food Security Mission (NFSM) to increase production of rice, wheat,…
Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, employing more than half of the country’s workforce and contributing significantly to GDP. Despite its importance, the agricultural sector has historically faced challenges such as fragmented markets, lack of transparency in pricing, dominance of middlemen, and limited access to fair markets for farmers. To address these concerns,…
Introduction Universal Basic Income (UBI) has emerged as one of the most debated economic and social policy ideas in the 21st century. The concept advocates for providing all citizens with a guaranteed, unconditional sum of money regularly, regardless of their employment status, income, or wealth. Supporters argue that UBI has the potential to eradicate poverty,…
Introduction Globalization has been one of the most transformative forces of the modern era, redefining economies, societies, and cultures across the globe. At its core, globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations, facilitated by advancements in trade, technology, finance, and communication. For decades, globalization accelerated global economic growth, increased cross-border investments, boosted…
Introduction India, one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, has long aspired to become a global manufacturing hub. With its large workforce, growing domestic market, and favorable geographical location, the country has immense potential to strengthen its industrial base. To realize this potential, the Government of India launched the “Make in India” initiative on…
Introduction Over the last decade, India has witnessed a financial revolution fueled by technology. Financial Technology, or FinTech, refers to the innovative use of digital tools and modern technology in delivering financial services. From mobile banking and digital wallets to peer-to-peer lending and blockchain solutions, FinTech has reshaped how individuals, businesses, and governments manage money….
Introduction Education and skill development are fundamental drivers of economic growth, social progress, and global competitiveness. A well-educated and skilled workforce enhances productivity, fosters innovation, and supports sustainable development. Countries that invest in education and skill development create a foundation for industrial growth, technological advancement, and social equity. Economic growth is increasingly knowledge-driven. While traditional…
Introduction Climate change is no longer merely an environmental concern; it is a pressing economic issue that affects growth, development, and social welfare worldwide. Rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and shifting agricultural patterns have profound economic implications. Understanding the economics of climate change is critical for policymakers, businesses, and society to design…
Introduction Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have emerged as a key mechanism for delivering large-scale development projects by combining the strengths of the public and private sectors. Governments around the world face the dual challenge of meeting rising infrastructure and social service demands while managing limited fiscal resources. PPPs offer a solution by leveraging private sector investment,…