Introduction The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the backbone of the global trading system. Established in 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the WTO regulates international trade and provides a platform for countries to negotiate agreements, resolve disputes, and promote fair trade practices. In an increasingly globalized world,…
Introduction The global economy has become highly interconnected, with trade acting as a lifeline for both developed and developing nations. Free trade agreements, globalization, and liberalized markets have enabled countries to specialize in production, exchange goods, and benefit from comparative advantage. However, in recent years, tariff wars—commonly referred to as trade wars—have emerged as a…
Introduction In India, financial literacy and investment awareness have grown rapidly over the past decade. Many individuals, especially beginners, are keen to participate in wealth creation through the financial markets. Two popular investment avenues that often create confusion among new investors are mutual funds and stocks. While both aim to generate returns, they differ in…
Introduction The stock market is one of the most significant pillars of a modern economy. It serves as a platform for companies to raise capital and for investors to grow their wealth. Understanding the stock market is essential for students, beginners, and anyone interested in finance, investments, or the economy. In India, stock markets like…
Introduction The Indian stock market has emerged as one of the fastest-growing and most dynamic financial markets in the world. With rapid globalization, liberalization policies, and the opening up of the economy since 1991, foreign participation in Indian markets has increased significantly. One of the most crucial contributors to this phenomenon has been Foreign Institutional…
Introduction In India, investing has always been seen as a path to wealth creation and financial security. Among the multiple avenues of investment available—such as fixed deposits, mutual funds, real estate, bonds, and equities—Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) hold a special place in the hearts of investors. IPOs often grab headlines, attract millions of retail investors,…
Introduction A global recession is a prolonged period of economic decline across multiple countries, typically characterized by falling GDP, reduced trade, high unemployment, declining consumer spending, and financial market instability. Since the world economies are interconnected through trade, investment, and financial flows, no country remains insulated from global downturns. For India, which is the fifth-largest…
Introduction The development of economies, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, is a complex process influenced by financial resources, policy frameworks, governance structures, and global economic conditions. International financial institutions like the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) play a pivotal role in supporting developing economies by providing financial assistance, policy guidance, technical…
Introduction Financial planning is a cornerstone of economic security and wealth creation. It involves setting goals, assessing resources, managing risks, and creating strategies to ensure financial stability over the long term. Among the various tools available in financial planning, insurance plays a pivotal role. Insurance acts as a safety net, providing protection against unexpected financial…
Introduction India’s financial ecosystem has undergone significant transformation over the past decade, driven by digital payments, fintech innovations, and evolving consumer behavior. Among the latest trends reshaping retail finance is Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL), a payment solution that allows consumers to purchase goods and services immediately while deferring payment over a short-term period, often…