Gold Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are witnessing a remarkable resurgence in investor interest across global markets. After a period of subdued flows during phases of equity market optimism and rising bond yields, gold-backed investment vehicles are again attracting strong inflows. This shift reflects a combination of macroeconomic uncertainty, inflationary pressures, geopolitical tensions, central bank actions, and…
Introduction India’s agricultural success story is inseparable from fertilisers. From the early years of food shortages to becoming one of the world’s largest producers of cereals, fertilisers have played a decisive role in raising crop productivity and stabilising rural livelihoods. Today, India ranks among the largest consumers of fertilisers globally, reflecting both its vast farming…
Introduction India’s electricity sector is undergoing one of the largest energy transformations in the world. For decades, coal has formed the backbone of power generation, supporting industrialisation, urban growth, and rising living standards. However, mounting climate concerns, international commitments, and domestic sustainability goals are now reshaping this traditional structure. India has pledged to achieve net-zero…
Introduction Urban India is standing at a decisive crossroads. Rapid population growth, expanding economic activity, and rising aspirations are putting unprecedented pressure on city infrastructure. Roads are congested, drainage systems struggle during monsoons, housing shortages persist, and public transport networks remain inadequate in many regions. At the same time, cities generate nearly two-thirds of India’s…
Introduction Inflation measurement plays a central role in shaping monetary policy, welfare schemes, wage negotiations, and economic planning. In India, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) has emerged as the primary indicator of retail inflation, directly influencing policy decisions taken by Reserve Bank of India and welfare targeting by the government. Recognizing rapid changes in consumption…
Introduction The Industrial Relations Code (IRC), 2020 was India’s effort to consolidate and modernise fragmented labour laws governing industrial peace, worker rights, trade unions, and dispute resolution. However, within a few years of its implementation, challenges in interpretation, implementation, and socio‑economic impact prompted policymakers to revisit the law. In 2026, the government introduced the Industrial…
Introduction India has quietly entered a new phase in its civil nuclear journey with the introduction of the SHANTI Act (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India Act). Rather than being just another amendment, this law represents a structural redesign of how nuclear power is owned, regulated, financed, and made accountable. For…
Introduction Inflation is not just an economic term — it directly affects household budgets, savings, investments, and government policy. In India, the most trusted indicator of retail inflation is the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Recently, India introduced a new CPI series with 2024 as the base year, replacing the older 2012 framework. This revision reflects…
Introduction India, the world’s fifth-largest economy in nominal GDP terms and the third-largest in purchasing power parity (PPP), continues to be a major player in global economic affairs. With a population exceeding 1.4 billion and a young demographic profile, India possesses immense potential for sustained growth. Over the past three decades, the Indian economy has…
Introduction Economic development in India over the past few decades has been characterized by high GDP growth, rapid expansion of the service sector, technological advancements, and poverty reduction. However, the persistence of economic inequality poses a serious challenge to sustainable and inclusive development. Inequality is multifaceted, encompassing disparities in income, wealth, education, employment opportunities, and…