The Indian rural economy plays a crucial role in the country’s overall development, as more than 65% of the population resides in rural areas. Agriculture, small-scale industries, and allied sectors form the backbone of the rural economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, the rural economy continues to face numerous challenges, including…
Introduction Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in India’s economic growth, contributing to industrial development, employment generation, and technological advancement. Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, the government has progressively opened various sectors to FDI, making India one of the most attractive destinations for global investors. In recent years,…
The banking sector in India is a critical pillar of the country’s financial system, facilitating economic growth, financial inclusion, and capital formation. Over the past few years, the sector has undergone significant changes, driven by regulatory reforms, digital transformation, and government interventions. However, it has also faced persistent challenges, including non-performing assets (NPAs), financial fraud,…
Introduction Unemployment is one of the most pressing challenges in India, affecting economic growth, social stability, and overall development. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India faces persistent unemployment issues due to structural, economic, and technological changes. A high population growth rate, automation, skill gaps, and slow employment generation have intensified…
Introduction Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in India’s economic development, contributing significantly to GDP, employment, exports, and industrial output. Often referred to as the backbone of the Indian economy, MSMEs are instrumental in promoting entrepreneurship, fostering innovation, and supporting inclusive growth. However, despite their contributions, MSMEs face multiple challenges, including…
Introduction The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is one of the most significant tax reforms in India’s history, implemented on July 1, 2017. It replaced a complex system of multiple indirect taxes imposed by both the central and state governments, aiming to create a unified taxation structure. By eliminating tax cascading, simplifying compliance, and broadening…
Introduction Agriculture has historically been the backbone of India’s economy, providing livelihood to a significant portion of the population and playing a crucial role in economic growth. Despite rapid industrialization and the expansion of the services sector, agriculture remains a vital contributor to India’s GDP, employment, and overall socio-economic development. However, the sector faces numerous…
Introduction The economic reforms of 1991 marked a turning point in India’s economic history. Prior to 1991, the Indian economy was characterized by a mixed economic model with a heavy reliance on state control, licensing systems, and protectionist policies. However, due to a severe balance of payments crisis, the government was compelled to introduce a…
Introduction Urbanization has been one of the most defining trends of modern economic development. In India, the rapid expansion of cities and towns has significantly contributed to economic growth, industrialization, and infrastructure development. With an increasing population migrating to urban centers in search of better employment opportunities, education, healthcare, and living standards, urbanization has become…
Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of India’s economy, employing a significant portion of the population and contributing substantially to the GDP. However, India’s vast geographical expanse results in diverse climatic conditions, soil types, and ecological variations, influencing agricultural practices across different regions. To optimize agricultural planning, the Planning Commission of India divided the country into…