The Indian freedom movement witnessed several crucial moments that shaped its course, and one such significant event was the Surat Split of 1907. This internal division within the Indian National Congress (INC) between the Moderates and the Extremists played a crucial role in defining the future strategies of the Indian independence struggle. The split not…
The struggle for India’s independence was marked by both non-violent movements and armed resistance against British rule. One of the most daring revolutionary activities of the early 20th century was the Kakori Conspiracy Case of 1925. This event was orchestrated by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary organization committed to overthrowing British rule through…
The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched in 1930, was one of the most significant mass movements in India’s struggle for independence. Mahatma Gandhi led this movement, which aimed at non-violent resistance against British rule. It was characterized by mass protests, boycotts, and non-cooperation with British authorities. The immediate cause of the movement was the British monopoly…
The Indian National Congress (INC) played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence. Among its many significant sessions, the Lahore Session of 1929 stands out as a turning point in India’s freedom movement. It was in this session that the resolution for ‘Poorna Swaraj’ (Complete Independence) was officially adopted. This marked a shift from…
The Government of India Act, 1935, was a landmark piece of legislation passed by the British Parliament. It laid the foundation for India’s future constitutional framework and was the most comprehensive law introduced by the British in colonial India. The Act marked a significant shift from a centralized system to a federal structure, granting limited…
The Cabinet Mission Plan of 1946 was a crucial attempt by the British government to devise a constitutional framework for India’s independence while addressing the growing demands of both the Indian National Congress (INC) and the Muslim League. Proposed by a three-member British delegation, the plan sought to preserve Indian unity while granting provinces significant…
Mahatma Gandhi was awarded the title of ‘Kaiser-e-Hind’ by the British government in 1915 for his humanitarian service in South Africa. However, in 1920, he renounced the title in protest against British atrocities in India, particularly the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and the Rowlatt Act. This decision was part of the Non-Cooperation Movement, a mass civil…
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 was one of the most controversial laws imposed by the British government in India, which fueled mass protests and became a turning point in India’s struggle for independence. It was officially known as the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act, 1919 and was passed to suppress anti-colonial activities and strengthen British…
The All India Forward Bloc was founded by Subhas Chandra Bose on May 3, 1939, after his resignation from the Indian National Congress (INC). It was established as a radical alternative to the mainstream Congress leadership, advocating complete independence, socialist policies, and armed struggle against British rule. The formation of the Forward Bloc marked a…
Subhas Chandra Bose, one of India’s most dynamic freedom fighters, played a crucial role in the country’s struggle for independence. Unlike other leaders who pursued non-violent methods, Bose strongly believed that armed revolution and direct confrontation with the British were necessary for India’s freedom. His leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) and diplomatic efforts…