Introduction Energy security is a critical aspect of India’s economic development, as the country is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. With rapid industrialization, urbanization, and population growth, India’s energy demand is expected to increase significantly in the coming decades. Given its limited domestic energy resources, India relies heavily on imports to…
Introduction The Indian judicial system is known for its complexity, backlog of cases, and lengthy litigation processes, which often delay justice. To address these challenges, Lok Adalats (People’s Courts) were introduced as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism. Lok Adalats aim to provide a speedy, cost-effective, and amicable settlement of disputes through conciliation and compromise, thereby…
Introduction The Finance Commission plays a crucial role in shaping the fiscal framework between the Centre and the States in India. Established under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution, the Finance Commission is a constitutional body tasked with recommending the distribution of financial resources between the Union (Central Government) and the States, as well as…
Introduction In the federal structure of India, the role of the Chief Minister (CM) and the Governor in each state plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of the government. While the Governor is the ceremonial head of the state and represents the President of India, the Chief Minister is the real executive…
Introduction to Article 21 Article 21 of the Indian Constitution stands as one of the most significant provisions in the fundamental rights chapter. It ensures the protection of life and personal liberty to all individuals within the territory of India. The article reads: “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except…
Introduction Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role in shaping public policies, advocating for social causes, and influencing governance at local, national, and international levels. They act as mediators between the government and the public, ensuring that policies are inclusive, sustainable, and aligned with the needs of marginalized communities. In modern governance, policy-making is no…
Introduction Poverty and hunger are among the most pressing global challenges, affecting millions of people across the world. Despite advancements in economic growth, scientific innovation, and policy reforms, a significant portion of the population continues to struggle for basic needs such as food, shelter, and healthcare. Addressing these issues requires a deep understanding of the…
The UMANG (Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance) scheme is a flagship initiative by the Government of India designed to provide a seamless digital platform for citizens to access various government services. This initiative aligns with the broader Digital India vision, aimed at enhancing the reach, efficiency, and transparency of e-governance in the country. This…
Introduction The LGBTQIA+ community—encompassing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and other gender and sexual minorities—has historically faced marginalization, discrimination, and exclusion across the world. In India, the journey of recognition, acceptance, and the fight for equality has been particularly complex due to cultural, religious, and societal factors. For centuries, India’s attitudes toward gender…
Introduction In the modern age, the institution of marriage has undergone significant changes. Once regarded as a sacred bond, marriage today is viewed in a more flexible context, influenced by evolving societal norms, changing gender roles, and growing individual autonomy. Among the challenges that have arisen within marriages, extra-marital affairs and increasing divorce rates have…