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Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA): A Critical Analysis

The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) has been one of the most contentious laws in India, often criticized as draconian and unconstitutional by various states and human rights organizations. Originally enacted to curb insurgency and maintain public order, AFSPA grants sweeping powers to the armed forces, including the right to shoot to kill, arrest…

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The State of Insurgency in North-Eastern India After Independence: Causes, Movements, and Government Response

Introduction Since India’s independence in 1947, the North-Eastern region of the country has been plagued by insurgency and ethnic conflict. The region, which consists of eight states—Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, and Sikkim—has been one of the most politically sensitive and volatile areas in India. Historically, the North-East has had a complex…

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