Introduction On May 7, 2025, India launched a strategic air operation named Operation Sindoor, targeting multiple terrorist camps in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (PoK). The precision strikes came in response to a heinous terror attack in Pahalgam that killed 26 innocent civilians. By striking terror infrastructure across the border, India sent a bold message — that cross-border…
Introduction The last two decades have witnessed a significant rise in international terrorism, posing a severe challenge to global peace and security. Terrorism, driven by ideological, political, economic, and religious motives, has affected almost every part of the world. Nations have been compelled to rethink their security policies, strengthen international cooperation, and take firm actions…
Corruption is one of the most pervasive threats to internal security, weakening governance, eroding public trust, and enabling crime and terrorism. It affects law enforcement, judiciary systems, and public institutions, making a nation vulnerable to internal instability. Countries that fail to address corruption often struggle with economic stagnation, civil unrest, and weakened national security. This…
Introduction The Higher Defence Organisation of India plays a critical role in formulating and executing the country’s defence policies, ensuring national security, and managing military operations. The structure is designed to provide a seamless integration of civil and military leadership, strategic decision-making, and operational control over India’s defence forces. Over the years, various reforms have…
Introduction Narco-terrorism is a growing global concern, and India is no exception. It represents the fusion of narcotics trafficking with terrorism, where drug cartels and terror organizations collaborate to fund and fuel violent activities that destabilize societies. In India, the nexus between drug trafficking and terrorism poses a severe threat to national security, contributing to…
Introduction Geopolitical divisions play a crucial role in shaping the political, economic, and social dynamics of a country. The terms “frontier” and “boundary” are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings in geography and international relations. While a boundary is a fixed and legally defined line that separates two political entities, a frontier is…
Uttar Pradesh (UP), India’s most populous state, shares significant international borders with Nepal in the north, as well as inter-state borders with Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttarakhand. The border areas of Uttar Pradesh, especially those bordering Nepal, have witnessed a unique set of security challenges due to the geopolitical dynamics of the…