Introduction The Indian freedom struggle was not a spontaneous outburst but the culmination of a long and organized process of political awakening, social consciousness, and national unity. The foundation of this grand movement was laid by the Moderates, the early leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC), who worked tirelessly between 1885 and 1905 to…
The office of the Vice President of India is a crucial constitutional position that has evolved over time. While initially conceived as a ceremonial role, its functions and influence have grown, especially in its capacity as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. This article examines the historical development of the Vice President’s office, its…
The Inter-State Council (ISC) is one of the significant constitutional bodies in India that plays a crucial role in promoting cooperative federalism. Established by the President under Article 263 of the Indian Constitution, the ISC aims to facilitate coordination and cooperation between the Centre and the states and among the states themselves. Its primary role…
Introduction The 19th-century Indian Renaissance was a significant socio-cultural, intellectual, and political movement that aimed to reform Indian society, challenge regressive traditions, and lay the foundation for modern India. It was fueled by Western education, exposure to Enlightenment ideals, and the efforts of Indian reformers who sought to bridge the gap between India’s rich cultural…