Introduction “Vande Mataram” occupies a unique emotional and historical place in India’s freedom struggle. Revered by many as a symbol of resistance against colonial rule, the song continues to evoke patriotic sentiment across generations. However, despite its national significance, it has repeatedly been at the centre of political and social debates. Recent controversies surrounding its…
Introduction Globalisation is commonly understood as the growing interconnectedness of economies, societies, and cultures across national boundaries. With the rapid flow of goods, ideas, people, and technologies, it is often argued that globalisation promotes cultural homogenization—a process where diverse cultures begin to resemble one another, largely shaped by dominant Western norms, consumerism, and mass media….
Introduction India has historically been celebrated as a land of extraordinary diversity and pluralism. Its social fabric includes hundreds of languages, multiple religions, varied ethnic communities, and distinct regional cultures. Diversity in India is not merely demographic; it is deeply embedded in everyday social practices, festivals, food traditions, artistic expressions, and philosophical outlooks. Pluralism, meanwhile,…
Introduction India is a civilization marked by extraordinary diversity. Its social fabric is woven from multiple languages, religions, ethnic traditions, and historical experiences. This diversity has given rise to rich cultural identities at regional levels. Alongside national consciousness, strong regional loyalties have developed over time. These loyalties sometimes express themselves as regionalism—a sentiment where people…
Introduction The nineteenth century stands as a period of profound transformation in India’s socio-cultural, intellectual, and political landscape. Often described as the period of the “Indian Renaissance,” this era marked the reawakening of Indian consciousness after centuries of political subjugation, economic exploitation, and cultural stagnation under colonial domination. The term Renaissance—borrowed from the European experience—denotes…