Introduction The relationship between the economy and the environment is one of the most crucial and complex aspects of modern development. The economy depends heavily on the natural environment for raw materials, energy, water, and ecological services, while economic activities often put pressure on the environment through pollution, resource depletion, and ecosystem degradation. Striking a…
Introduction Mangroves are one of the most vital ecosystems in the tropical and subtropical coastal zones. They consist of salt-tolerant plant species such as Rhizophora, Avicennia, Sonneratia, and Bruguiera, thriving in intertidal regions where rivers meet the sea. Despite covering less than 1% of tropical forests globally, mangroves provide disproportionate ecological, economic, and social benefits….
Introduction Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests of the sea,” are among the most biologically diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. They provide shelter, food, and breeding grounds for nearly one-quarter of all marine species, despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor. Beyond biodiversity, coral ecosystems contribute to human societies by…
Introduction Climate change has emerged as a significant threat to global food security, ecosystem balance, and rural livelihoods, particularly in countries like India where agriculture remains the mainstay of millions. Erratic rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures, soil degradation, and the loss of biodiversity are intensifying farming challenges. In this context, agroforestry has gained prominence as a…
India is home to numerous lakes, varying from freshwater to saline and natural to artificial. These lakes play significant roles in ecology, tourism, irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation. Below is a categorized list of important lakes in India: 1. Freshwater Lakes These lakes contain fresh water and are essential sources of drinking water and biodiversity….
Introduction Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an advanced technology designed to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from industrial sources and power plants. As global warming and climate change continue to threaten the environment, CCS has emerged as a crucial solution for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions while allowing industries to continue functioning without excessive carbon…
Introduction Hydroseeding, also known as hydraulic mulch seeding or hydro-mulching, is an advanced method of planting grass, plants, and other vegetation using a slurry of seed, mulch, fertilizers, and water. This technique has gained popularity as an effective and environmentally friendly solution for soil erosion control, land reclamation, and improving green cover. Originally developed in…
Introduction Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, has immense potential for harnessing renewable energy sources to meet its rising energy demands while promoting sustainable development. With a growing economy, increasing urbanization, and the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, the state is exploring various renewable energy options, including solar, wind, biomass, and hydroelectric power….
Introduction Sustainable development has become a global priority as nations strive to balance economic growth, environmental protection, and social well-being. With rising concerns over climate change, resource depletion, and pollution, innovative solutions are needed to ensure a sustainable future. Smart technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and renewable energy systems,…
Introduction Air is an essential component of life on Earth. It is a mixture of different gases that form the Earth’s atmosphere and sustain various biological and chemical processes. The composition of air is not only crucial for respiration but also plays a significant role in weather patterns, climate regulation, and ecological balance. The presence…