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Global Economic Cooperation

Global Economic Cooperation: Understanding G20, G8 (Formerly G7), OPEC, and APEC — Structure, Functions, and Goals

Admin014 mins

Introduction In the modern globalized world, international cooperation has become essential to address complex economic, political, and environmental challenges. Nations are interconnected through trade, finance, energy, and diplomacy. To promote stability, growth, and mutual understanding, several international organizations have emerged. Among these, the Group of Twenty (G20), Group of Eight (formerly G7), Organization of Petroleum…

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India’s Pioneers in Water Engineering and Agriculture

Visvesvaraya and Swaminathan: India’s Pioneers in Water Engineering and Agriculture

Admin017 mins

Introduction India’s journey toward modernization and self-reliance has been guided by visionary leaders whose scientific and technological contributions transformed the nation’s economic, agricultural, and industrial foundations. Two such towering personalities are Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya and Dr. Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan, whose groundbreaking work in water engineering and agricultural science respectively laid the foundations for India’s development…

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Coal Mining

In Spite of Adverse Environmental Impacts, Coal Mining is Still Inevitable for Development

Admin013 mins

Introduction Coal has been one of the most important natural resources shaping human civilization since the industrial revolution. As the primary source of energy for centuries, it has fueled industries, powered railways, generated electricity, and contributed significantly to economic growth and modernization. However, coal mining and coal combustion have been identified as major contributors to…

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restoring mountain ecosystems

Restoring Mountain Ecosystems from the Negative Impact of Development Initiatives and Tourism

Admin012 mins

Introduction Mountain ecosystems are among the most fragile and biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. They provide essential ecosystem services such as water regulation, biodiversity conservation, soil stabilization, climate regulation, and cultural heritage. These ecosystems support millions of people directly and indirectly through agriculture, forest products, and tourism. However, in recent decades, development initiatives and tourism have…

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Global Volcanic Eruptions

Global Volcanic Eruptions: Environmental Impacts from 2021 to 2025

Admin010 mins

Introduction Volcanic eruptions are among the most powerful natural phenomena on Earth. They are capable of reshaping landscapes, influencing global and regional climate, disrupting ecosystems, and affecting human settlements. While destructive in the short term, volcanic activity plays a crucial role in soil enrichment, land formation, and maintaining the Earth’s geological balance. Between 2021 and…

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Sustainable Development and Green Economy

Sustainable Development and Green Economy: Concepts, Importance, and Future Pathways

Admin012 mins

Introduction In the 21st century, humanity faces the dual challenge of ensuring economic growth while safeguarding the environment. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, population growth, and technological expansion have created unprecedented opportunities but also generated critical environmental challenges. Climate change, biodiversity loss, deforestation, air and water pollution, and resource depletion threaten the very foundation of life on…

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current affairs

Agroforestry: A Solution for Climate Adaptation

Admin011 mins

Introduction Climate change has emerged as a significant threat to global food security, ecosystem balance, and rural livelihoods, particularly in countries like India where agriculture remains the mainstay of millions. Erratic rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures, soil degradation, and the loss of biodiversity are intensifying farming challenges. In this context, agroforestry has gained prominence as a…

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current affairs

Biofuels and Algae-Based Energy: Sustainable Solutions for the Future

Admin010 mins

Introduction In the era of climate change and depleting fossil fuels, the global energy demand is driving innovation toward sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Among the many renewable energy sources, biofuels, especially those derived from algae, are emerging as promising substitutes for conventional fuels. They offer the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, enhance energy security,…

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current affairs

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): A Key Technology for Combating Climate Change

Admin010 mins

Introduction In the global fight against climate change, reducing carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions has become paramount. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is a technological approach designed to capture CO₂ emissions from industrial processes and power plants before they enter the atmosphere, then securely store them underground or use them for beneficial purposes. This method aims…

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