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Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) vs. Fundamental Rights: A Detailed Comparison

Introduction The Indian Constitution establishes a framework for governance by incorporating Fundamental Rights (FRs) and Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs). While Fundamental Rights (Part III, Articles 12-35) guarantee individual liberties, DPSPs (Part IV, Articles 36-51) provide guidelines for the government to create a welfare state. Though distinct, both aim to ensure justice, equality, and…

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The Basic Structure Doctrine in the Indian Constitution: Significance and Judicial Evolution

Introduction The Basic Structure Doctrine is one of the most significant principles in Indian constitutional law. It serves as a safeguard against arbitrary amendments to the Constitution by preventing Parliament from altering the fundamental characteristics of the Constitution. This doctrine ensures that the core values, principles, and spirit of the Indian Constitution remain intact, even…

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