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pcs mains examinations

Climate Change and India’s Coastal Crisis: Impact on the Sundarbans and Mumbai and the Road to Resilience

Introduction Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a present reality, reshaping coastlines, ecosystems, and human settlements worldwide. Among the most vulnerable regions are India’s vast coastal zones, stretching over 7,500 kilometers. In particular, the Sundarbans — the world’s largest mangrove forest — and Mumbai — India’s financial capital — stand at the…

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pcs mains examinations

El Niño and La Niña: Unraveling Their Global Impact on Weather, Agriculture, Water, and Coastal Regions

Introduction Earth’s climate system is a complex interaction of various atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial processes. Among the most influential natural climatic phenomena that disrupt this balance are El Niño and La Niña, collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These irregular periodic variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and wind patterns in the central…

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