1. International Labour Organization (ILO) Introduction The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that deals with labour issues, employment rights, and social justice. It was established in 1919 as part of the Treaty of Versailles, making it one of the oldest international organizations still active today. The ILO…
Introduction The global economy has become increasingly interdependent, with international trade serving as a lifeline for growth, industrialization, and technological advancement. However, this interdependence also exposes countries to external shocks arising from disputes between major economic powers. The U.S.-China trade war, which began in 2018, has been one of the most significant disruptions in the…
Introduction In the 21st century, the world is witnessing rapid transformations in global politics, economics, and security. The global order that once appeared relatively stable under post-Cold War liberal frameworks is being reshaped by shifting power dynamics, regional rivalries, technological revolutions, and ideological contests. Amid these changes, states are increasingly faced with the challenge of…