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Origin of Ocean Currents: Factors, Climatic Influence, Impact on Fisheries, and Navigation

Origin of Ocean Currents: Factors, Climatic Influence, Impact on Fisheries, and Navigation

Introduction Oceans cover nearly 71% of the Earth’s surface and act as vast reservoirs of energy, nutrients, and biodiversity. The waters of the oceans are never static; they are constantly moving in well-defined patterns known as ocean currents. Ocean currents are large-scale horizontal flows of water within the oceans, influenced by a combination of natural…

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El Niño and La Niña: Unraveling Their Global Impact on Weather, Agriculture, Water, and Coastal Regions

Introduction Earth’s climate system is a complex interaction of various atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial processes. Among the most influential natural climatic phenomena that disrupt this balance are El Niño and La Niña, collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These irregular periodic variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and wind patterns in the central…

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