Introduction Indian agriculture, despite being a major livelihood source for more than 50% of the population, has long been trapped in issues of fragmentation, low productivity, price volatility, and weak market linkages. In this context, two key institutional reforms—Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) and the electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM)—have been introduced to transform the structure…
Introduction Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is a transformative policy initiative launched by the Government of India to enhance the efficiency and transparency of welfare schemes. It aims to directly transfer subsidies and benefits to the beneficiaries’ bank accounts, thereby eliminating intermediaries, reducing leakages, and ensuring the targeted delivery of government assistance. Introduced in 2013, DBT…
Introduction Earth’s surface is adorned with a variety of landforms, each with its unique features and roles in shaping human activity. Among these, plateaus hold a distinct place due to their geological significance, topographic diversity, and socio-economic importance. A plateau is essentially an elevated flatland that has been uplifted by endogenic forces. These landforms exist…
The Uttar Pradesh government has introduced several welfare schemes to improve the standard of living for various sections of society. These initiatives focus on education, healthcare, women empowerment, employment, rural development, and financial inclusion. 1. Women and Child Welfare Schemes 1.1 Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana 1.2 Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Yojana 1.3 Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao…
Introduction Local self-government is an essential pillar of democracy, ensuring grassroots participation in governance and development. Recognizing its significance, India enacted the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments in 1992, which institutionalized Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). These amendments aimed to decentralize power, enhance local governance, and promote participatory democracy. This essay…
India has set an ambitious goal of becoming a $5 trillion economy, a vision that represents its aspirations for rapid economic expansion, global competitiveness, and improved living standards. The government has undertaken key structural reforms, policy measures, and sectoral advancements to accelerate growth, but significant challenges remain. This article critically analyzes India’s progress toward achieving…
Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in the economic growth of any nation. It serves as the backbone of a country’s progress by improving connectivity, enhancing productivity, and attracting investments. For a developing economy like India, well-planned infrastructure development is essential for sustained growth, job creation, and improved living standards. The Indian government has launched…
Globalization has significantly influenced India’s economy since the economic liberalization of 1991. It has led to rapid economic growth, increased foreign investments, and expanded trade opportunities. Various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, have experienced profound transformations. While globalization has presented numerous opportunities, it has also posed challenges that India continues to address. 1. Understanding…
Introduction India’s economic planning has undergone a significant transformation over the years. The Planning Commission, which played a central role in India’s economic policy framework for over six decades, was replaced by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) in 2015. This shift marked a strategic move towards a more decentralized, inclusive, and market-driven…
The Indian rural economy plays a crucial role in the country’s overall development, as more than 65% of the population resides in rural areas. Agriculture, small-scale industries, and allied sectors form the backbone of the rural economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, the rural economy continues to face numerous challenges, including…