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Tropical Cyclone Concentration Zones

Tropical Cyclones and Their Regional Concentration: Why They Are Largely Confined to the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Mexico

Introduction Tropical cyclones are among the most powerful meteorological phenomena on Earth. Known by different names in different regions—hurricanes in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, typhoons in the western Pacific and South China Sea, and cyclones in the Indian Ocean—they are characterized by intense low-pressure systems with spiraling winds, heavy rainfall, and destructive storm…

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El Niño and La Niña: Unraveling Their Global Impact on Weather, Agriculture, Water, and Coastal Regions

Introduction Earth’s climate system is a complex interaction of various atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial processes. Among the most influential natural climatic phenomena that disrupt this balance are El Niño and La Niña, collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These irregular periodic variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and wind patterns in the central…

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