Introduction Economics is not merely the study of wealth or resource allocation — it is also about how these resources affect human welfare. The branch of economics that explicitly focuses on this aspect is known as Welfare Economics. It deals with the evaluation of economic policies and conditions in terms of their impact on the…
Introduction The concept of consumer surplus occupies a central place in the field of welfare economics and microeconomic analysis. It provides an important measure of the benefit or satisfaction that consumers derive from purchasing goods and services in the market. The theory of consumer surplus was first developed by the English economist Alfred Marshall, who…
Introduction The Union Budget 2024–25 is a critical document that outlines the government’s fiscal policies and strategies for the upcoming financial year. The budget serves as a key instrument for managing the Indian economy and directly impacts inflation, economic growth, and social welfare. The fiscal policy measures announced in the budget aim to address challenges…
The Uttar Pradesh government has introduced several welfare schemes to improve the standard of living for various sections of society. These initiatives focus on education, healthcare, women empowerment, employment, rural development, and financial inclusion. 1. Women and Child Welfare Schemes 1.1 Mukhyamantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana 1.2 Mukhyamantri Samuhik Vivah Yojana 1.3 Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao…
Introduction Economic growth is essential for national development, but it must be accompanied by equality and distributive justice to ensure that the benefits reach all sections of society. Inclusive growth refers to a development process that fosters economic expansion while reducing inequalities in wealth, opportunities, and social mobility. In India, various policy measures have been…
Poverty is one of the most pressing socio-economic challenges in India, especially in rural areas where a large segment of the population struggles with inadequate income, lack of access to basic services, and limited employment opportunities. Understanding how poverty is measured and the various initiatives taken to combat rural poverty is crucial for addressing this…
Introduction Inclusive growth is a development approach that ensures economic expansion benefits all sections of society, particularly the marginalized and disadvantaged groups. It goes beyond mere GDP growth and emphasizes equitable distribution of wealth, access to opportunities, and social justice. For a country like India, where disparities in income, social status, and access to resources…
Introduction The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India plays a pivotal role in upholding and protecting human rights in the country. Established on October 12, 1993, under the Protection of Human Rights Act (PHRA), 1993, the NHRC serves as an independent statutory body tasked with safeguarding the fundamental rights of individuals. Its primary mission…
Introduction NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) was established on January 1, 2015, to replace the Planning Commission. As a policy think tank of the Government of India, NITI Aayog plays a crucial role in shaping India’s long-term developmental strategies, formulating policies, and enhancing cooperative federalism. It serves as an advisory body providing directional…
In the rapidly evolving global landscape, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become a central element in shaping economies, societies, and governance. The integration of ICT into government policies has revolutionized public administration, providing new opportunities for transparency, accountability, and improved public service delivery. As governments strive for modernization and digital inclusion, ICT has emerged…