A nation’s economic growth and development depend heavily on how its government allocates financial resources through the annual budget. The budget determines the course of public spending, taxation, investment in key sectors, and social welfare initiatives, all of which shape economic stability and progress. In India, the Union Budget is a crucial policy instrument that…
A fiscal deficit is an essential concept in the field of public finance and plays a critical role in understanding a country’s economic health. In simple terms, a fiscal deficit occurs when a government’s total expenditure exceeds the revenue that it generates, excluding borrowing. It is often expressed as a percentage of a country’s GDP…
Infrastructure development plays a crucial role in the economic growth of any nation. It serves as the backbone of a country’s progress by improving connectivity, enhancing productivity, and attracting investments. For a developing economy like India, well-planned infrastructure development is essential for sustained growth, job creation, and improved living standards. The Indian government has launched…
Globalization has significantly influenced India’s economy since the economic liberalization of 1991. It has led to rapid economic growth, increased foreign investments, and expanded trade opportunities. Various sectors, including agriculture, industry, and services, have experienced profound transformations. While globalization has presented numerous opportunities, it has also posed challenges that India continues to address. 1. Understanding…
Inflation is one of the most critical macroeconomic challenges affecting India’s economy. It refers to the sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services over time. While moderate inflation is considered beneficial for economic growth, high and persistent inflation erodes purchasing power, increases the cost of living, and creates financial instability. In…
Introduction India’s economic planning has undergone a significant transformation over the years. The Planning Commission, which played a central role in India’s economic policy framework for over six decades, was replaced by the National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) in 2015. This shift marked a strategic move towards a more decentralized, inclusive, and market-driven…
The Indian rural economy plays a crucial role in the country’s overall development, as more than 65% of the population resides in rural areas. Agriculture, small-scale industries, and allied sectors form the backbone of the rural economy, contributing significantly to GDP and employment. Despite its importance, the rural economy continues to face numerous challenges, including…
Introduction Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a crucial role in India’s economic growth, contributing to industrial development, employment generation, and technological advancement. Since the liberalization of the Indian economy in 1991, the government has progressively opened various sectors to FDI, making India one of the most attractive destinations for global investors. In recent years,…
The banking sector in India is a critical pillar of the country’s financial system, facilitating economic growth, financial inclusion, and capital formation. Over the past few years, the sector has undergone significant changes, driven by regulatory reforms, digital transformation, and government interventions. However, it has also faced persistent challenges, including non-performing assets (NPAs), financial fraud,…
Introduction Unemployment is one of the most pressing challenges in India, affecting economic growth, social stability, and overall development. Despite being one of the fastest-growing economies in the world, India faces persistent unemployment issues due to structural, economic, and technological changes. A high population growth rate, automation, skill gaps, and slow employment generation have intensified…