The Great Depression was one of the most severe economic downturns in modern history, beginning with the stock market crash of 1929 and lasting throughout the 1930s. It caused massive unemployment, a dramatic decline in global trade, and widespread financial turmoil. This crisis affected every sector of the economy, leading to political instability, social unrest,…
The Dawes Plan, introduced in 1924, was a significant economic initiative aimed at stabilizing the German economy following the economic turmoil caused by World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. The plan, formulated by an international committee led by American banker Charles G. Dawes, sought to restructure Germany鈥檚 reparations payments, ease economic hardships, and…
The Great Depression of 1929 was one of the most devastating economic crises in modern history, affecting countries across the world. While it originated in the United States with the stock market crash of October 1929, its effects quickly spread, causing widespread unemployment, trade collapse, and financial instability. The economic downturn had severe consequences, not…
Economic crises have historically had far-reaching effects, and the Great Depression of 1929 was no exception. Though it originated in the United States, the economic depression had global consequences, affecting colonies like India under British rule. As a colonial economy, India was deeply integrated into the global trade system but had little control over its…
The Non-Cooperation Movement of the 1920s was one of the earliest mass movements led by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India. Launched in response to the oppressive policies of the British government, especially the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the repressive Rowlatt Act, the movement aimed to bring about self-governance through nonviolent resistance. It played…
The Salt March of 1930, also known as the Dandi March, was one of the most significant episodes in India鈥檚 struggle for independence. Led by Mahatma Gandhi, this nonviolent protest against British salt monopoly galvanized the masses and exposed the exploitative nature of colonial rule. The march was not merely an act of civil disobedience…
Introduction The Civil Disobedience Movement, launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was one of the most significant phases of India鈥檚 struggle for independence. This movement was a response to British colonial rule鈥檚 oppressive policies and aimed at achieving Swaraj (self-rule) through nonviolent resistance. The movement was marked by the famous Dandi March, where Gandhi and…
The Indian National Congress (INC) played a pivotal role in India’s struggle for independence. As the first major political organization in British India, the INC served as a platform for expressing nationalist aspirations, fostering unity among Indians, and ultimately leading the country toward independence. But who founded the INC, and under what circumstances was it…
The Indian freedom movement witnessed several crucial moments that shaped its course, and one such significant event was the Surat Split of 1907. This internal division within the Indian National Congress (INC) between the Moderates and the Extremists played a crucial role in defining the future strategies of the Indian independence struggle. The split not…
The struggle for India鈥檚 independence was marked by both non-violent movements and armed resistance against British rule. One of the most daring revolutionary activities of the early 20th century was the Kakori Conspiracy Case of 1925. This event was orchestrated by the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary organization committed to overthrowing British rule through…