1. Introduction Climate change has become one of the most serious environmental challenges facing humanity in the modern era. Rapid industrialization, increasing use of fossil fuels, deforestation, and unsustainable patterns of consumption have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. As a result, the planet is experiencing rising global temperatures, changing…
Introduction In the 21st century, the world is witnessing rapid transformations in global politics, economics, and security. The global order that once appeared relatively stable under post-Cold War liberal frameworks is being reshaped by shifting power dynamics, regional rivalries, technological revolutions, and ideological contests. Amid these changes, states are increasingly faced with the challenge of…
Introduction India’s foreign policy is a crucial pillar of its national strategy, shaping the country’s interactions with the global community. As one of the world’s largest economies and most populous democracies, India plays a key role in global geopolitics. The present era is marked by rapid changes in international relations, with shifting alliances, evolving trade…