Introduction Agroecology has emerged as a transformative approach to agriculture that merges ecological science with traditional agricultural knowledge and sustainable farming practices. Rooted in both scientific and indigenous understandings of nature, agroecology seeks to design resilient farming systems that are ecologically sound, socially just, and economically viable. Central to the practice and philosophy of agroecology…
Introduction Climate change has emerged as a significant threat to global food security, ecosystem balance, and rural livelihoods, particularly in countries like India where agriculture remains the mainstay of millions. Erratic rainfall patterns, increasing temperatures, soil degradation, and the loss of biodiversity are intensifying farming challenges. In this context, agroforestry has gained prominence as a…
Introduction to Smart Irrigation Water scarcity has emerged as one of the most pressing issues facing the world today, particularly in agriculture. Agriculture accounts for about 70% of global freshwater use, and this figure is expected to rise with the increasing demand for food. As populations grow and climate change exacerbates water shortages, farmers are…
Introduction Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a present reality, reshaping coastlines, ecosystems, and human settlements worldwide. Among the most vulnerable regions are India’s vast coastal zones, stretching over 7,500 kilometers. In particular, the Sundarbans — the world’s largest mangrove forest — and Mumbai — India’s financial capital — stand at the…
Introduction Earth’s climate system is a complex interaction of various atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial processes. Among the most influential natural climatic phenomena that disrupt this balance are El Niño and La Niña, collectively known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). These irregular periodic variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and wind patterns in the central…
Introduction In recent decades, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters have escalated dramatically across the globe. These disasters—ranging from cyclones, floods, earthquakes, wildfires, and droughts—are increasingly linked to the growing impacts of climate change. Rising global temperatures, melting glaciers, erratic rainfall, and rising sea levels are not only environmental challenges but also catalysts for…
Introduction Disasters—natural or man-made—have profound and wide-reaching consequences across various sectors of society, from health and infrastructure to agriculture, education, and industry. While overarching disaster management frameworks provide foundational principles and strategies, sector-specific guidelines are essential for translating these principles into actionable, context-sensitive measures tailored to individual sectors. These guidelines are crucial in reducing vulnerabilities…
Introduction In an era characterized by frequent and increasingly severe natural and man-made disasters, from hurricanes and floods to wildfires and pandemics, post-disaster recovery planning has become an essential component of community preparedness and sustainable development. Beyond immediate emergency response, recovery planning serves as a blueprint for restoring livelihoods, rebuilding infrastructure, and enhancing the long-term…
Introduction Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, heavily depends on agriculture for economic growth and employment. The state has a diverse agro-climatic landscape, making it a significant contributor to the country’s food grain production. However, climate change poses severe challenges to agriculture, affecting crop yields, soil fertility, and water availability. Rising temperatures, erratic rainfall, and…
Introduction Tropical cyclones are powerful weather systems that develop over warm oceanic waters and significantly impact coastal and inland regions. These storms originate in tropical and subtropical regions, driven by oceanic and atmospheric conditions. However, as soon as they make landfall, they begin to weaken and eventually dissipate. This article explores the reasons behind the…