Introduction India is a land of knowledge traditions, where philosophy, science, literature, and spirituality have been preserved in written form for over two millennia. Ancient manuscripts written on palm leaves, birch bark, handmade paper, and copper plates are a testimony to India’s intellectual journey. These manuscripts cover diverse fields such as Vedic literature, Ayurveda, astronomy,…
Introduction India’s monsoon season is both a boon and a challenge. While it replenishes water reservoirs, supports agriculture, and sustains ecosystems, it also creates conditions conducive to the proliferation of vector-borne diseases. Diseases such as dengue, malaria, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis often spike in the post-monsoon period due to stagnant water, flooding, and increased vector…
Introduction The 21st century has placed nations at the intersection of technology, governance, and economic transformation. In this context, the debate over whether India requires an Engineering Commission or an All India Engineering Service (AIES) has become more relevant than ever. India, with its growing dependence on large-scale infrastructure, digital systems, renewable energy, defense technologies,…
Introduction The global economy has become increasingly interdependent, with international trade serving as a lifeline for growth, industrialization, and technological advancement. However, this interdependence also exposes countries to external shocks arising from disputes between major economic powers. The U.S.-China trade war, which began in 2018, has been one of the most significant disruptions in the…
Introduction In the globalized economy of the 21st century, international trade forms the backbone of economic growth for both developed and developing countries. For a country like India, which is steadily moving towards becoming the world’s third-largest economy, exports are not merely a source of foreign exchange but also a driver of industrial growth, employment…
Introduction In the 21st century, the world is witnessing rapid transformations in global politics, economics, and security. The global order that once appeared relatively stable under post-Cold War liberal frameworks is being reshaped by shifting power dynamics, regional rivalries, technological revolutions, and ideological contests. Amid these changes, states are increasingly faced with the challenge of…
Introduction The issue of caste-based reservations in India has long been intertwined with the country’s social, political, and economic framework. Designed as a mechanism to uplift historically marginalized communities, reservations in education, employment, and political representation aim to address centuries of social exclusion and systemic discrimination. Recently, the Maharashtra government’s decision to form caste-wise committees…
Introduction The Goods and Services Tax (GST), introduced in India in 2017, was one of the most significant indirect tax reforms in the country’s history. It aimed to replace the complex web of state and central taxes with a unified system, ensuring “One Nation, One Tax.” However, over the years, issues such as multiple tax…
Introduction The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented in India in July 2017, was hailed as one of the most significant tax reforms since independence. It aimed to unify the complex indirect taxation system into a “One Nation, One Tax” framework. Over the years, however, challenges such as revenue leakage, compliance burdens, disputes over rates,…
Introduction Floods are among the most frequent and devastating natural disasters that affect India almost every year. Due to its geographical location, monsoon dependency, and diverse river systems, India faces recurrent floods, particularly during the southwest monsoon season (June–September). These floods cause massive destruction to human life, livelihoods, infrastructure, agriculture, and the overall economy. The…